Confined spaces and spaces suspected of contamination represent high-risk working environments, characterized by restricted or difficult access, insufficient ventilation, and the potential presence of hazardous atmospheres. In such environments, the correct design and installation of fall protection systems, integrated with access and rescue solutions, is essential to ensure operator safety and compliance with applicable regulations and standards.

Definition of Confined Spaces and Spaces Suspected of Contamination

Pursuant to Presidential Decree (DPR) 177/2011, and in line with INAIL technical guidelines and UNI 11958:2024, a confined space is defined as an area exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics:

  • limited or difficult access;
  • insufficient or absent natural ventilation;
  • not designed for continuous worker occupancy;
  • potential presence of hazardous atmospheres (oxygen deficiency or enrichment, toxic gases, flammable or explosive vapours).

By way of example, confined spaces include:
silos, cisterns, tanks, underground basins, wells, ducts, tunnels, wastewater treatment plants, pipelines, and inspection chambers.

Specific Risks in Confined Spaces

Activities carried out in confined spaces expose workers to a combination of often concurrent risks, including:

  • falls from height during access, work, or exit phases;
  • asphyxiation due to oxygen deficiency;
  • intoxication from hazardous chemical agents;
  • fire or explosion risks in the presence of ATEX atmospheres;
  • difficulties in rescue and recovery operations in emergency situations.

The management of these risks requires an integrated technical approach, including fall arrest systems, rescue devices, and dedicated emergency procedures.

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Protective Equipment in Confined Spaces

Any operation carried out in a confined space must be preceded by a specific risk assessment, taking into account the geometric characteristics of the space, the activities to be performed, and the internal atmospheric conditions.

The selection of collective protective equipment (CPE) and personal protective equipment (PPE) must be consistent with the outcomes of the risk assessment and compliant with the requirements of DPR 177/2011 and the technical criteria defined by UNI 11958:2024.

Collective Protective Equipment (CPE)

Collective protection measures represent the primary means of risk reduction and may include, depending on the operational scenario:

  • forced ventilation systems for air exchange and control of hazardous atmospheres
  • continuous atmospheric monitoring instruments for the detection of oxygen levels, toxic gases, and flammable vapours
  • safe access and egress systems designed to reduce the risk of falls from height
  • temporary or permanent anchorage structures for work and emergency operations
  • safety signage and demarcation of work areas

 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Where residual risks cannot be eliminated through collective measures, the use of Category III PPE is required, selected according to operational conditions and planned rescue procedures. The main PPE used in confined spaces includes:

  • fall arrest harnesses compatible with rescue and recovery systems
  • self-retracting lifelines and lanyards, including those with recovery functions
  • certified anchorage points and systems, temporary or permanent
  • respiratory protective equipment, such as filtering masks, air-supplied respirators, or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
  • protective gloves suitable for chemical, mechanical, or thermal hazards
  • safety footwear with slip-resistant and puncture-resistant features
  • protective helmets against impacts and falling objects
  • safety goggles or face shields for protection against chemical agents and mechanical hazards
  • specific protective clothing, where required by the risk assessment
  • rescue and recovery systems for operators, essential for emergency management
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Complete Safety Solutions for Confined Spaces

Our company provides integrated services and systems for safety in confined spaces and spaces suspected of contamination, supporting companies and clients throughout all phases of risk mitigation, in compliance with Legislative Decree 81/2008, DPR 177/2011, and UNI 11958:2024.

Site Inspection and Risk Assessment

We carry out technical site inspections to assess environmental characteristics, operational methods, and specific risks, with particular focus on fall hazards and access and rescue operations.

Design of Safety Systems

We design customised fall protection, access, and rescue systems for confined spaces in accordance with UNI 11958:2024 and the applicable UNI EN standards.

Manufacturing, Installation, and Certification

We manufacture and install fall protection systems, managing testing, certification, and technical documentation to ensure reliable solutions fully compliant with current regulations.

Training and Practical Instruction

We deliver training courses and hands-on instruction for work in confined spaces, compliant with DPR 177/2011 and the new State-Regions Agreement, focusing on PPE use, operational procedures, and emergency management.

A Single Partner for Confined Spaces

Through an integrated approach combining assessment, design, installation, and training, we support companies in the complete management of confined space safety, ensuring regulatory compliance and effective protection of workers.

Contact us
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